Lesson 1 - declension of ‘ta’, sandhi

• Sīhaladīpe kira uddalolakavihāro nāma ramaṇīyo eko vihāro ahosi. Tadā vihāropavane bahū migasūkarā vasanti. Athekasmiṃ gāme nesādaputto tasmiṃ bahū migasūkare disvā ekadivasaṃ ekasmiṃ passe koṭṭhakaṃ katvā vanapariyante paṇṇaṃ bandhitvā dhanukalāpaṃ paggayha migāgamanaṃ olokento koṭṭhake aṭṭhāsi. Atheko migo tattha gocaraṃ gaṇhitvā pānīyaṃ pātuṃ titthaṃ gacchanto tasmiṃ assamapade dhammasavaṇatthāya ghuṭṭhasaddaṃ sutvā pasāritagīvo uttuṅgakaṇṇo anikkhittadakkhiṇapādo dhammakathikassa sare nimittaṃ gaṇhitvā aṭṭhāsi.

Vocab

- Sīhaladīpo (m.): island of Sīhala (island of Sinhales people) - Kira (nip.) - it is said that (indicating an action has taken place that was not witnessed by the speaker) - or it means "I will explain" - Ramaṇīya (vis.): attractive, beautiful (s.w. r) - Ahosi: was - Tadā (nip.): then, at that time (s.w. t) - Vihāropavanaṁ (nt.): forest near the monastery - Migasūkarā (m.): deers and pigs (asamāhāra digu compound) - Athekasmiṃ (atha + ekasmiṃ) - then in one (sandhi) - Nesādo (m.): hunter (s.w. n) - Nesādaputto (m.): hunter (son of a hunter) - Tasmiṃ: there (lit. in there) - Passaṁ (nt.): side - Koṭṭhako (m.): place for concealment - Paṇṇaṁ (nt.): leaf - Vanapariyantaṁ (nt.): edge of the forest - Dhanukalāpaṃ (nt.): bow and quiver - Paggayha (nip.)(√gah + tvā ⇒ gah + ya ⇒ gayha): having taken (s.w. p) - Migāgamanaṁ (nt.): the arrival of deers - Aṭṭhāsi [a + √ṭhā + si]: stood - Gocaro (m.): food, fodder, pasture - Pānīyaṁ (nt.): water, drinkable water - Pātuṃ: to drink - Titthaṁ (nt.): a fording or landing place, a harbor - Assamapado (m.): hermitage (long version) - Dhammasavaṇatthāya (dhamma+savaṇa+tthāya ⇒ attha+āya): in order to listen to Dhamma - Ghuṭṭhasaddo (m.): the sound of announcement - Pasārita: stretched - Pasāritagīva (vis.): one who has stretched the neck - Uttuṅgakaṇṇa (vis.): one whose ears have been uplifted - Nikkhitta [√khip]: pp. placed; laid down; lit. thrown down (s.w. n) - Anikkhittadakkhiṇapāda (vis.): one who has not kept his (her/its) right leg on the ground - Saro (m.): sound, voice, vowel - Nimittaṁ (nt.): object (s.w. n) - Kattha: where? - Kiṃ: what, which? - Rajjaṃ karesi: rules (a country) - Rajjaṁ (nt.): kingship; rulership; sovereignty; dominion; power ## Lesson 2 - declension of 'kiṁ', sarasandhi - Tasmiṃ khaṇe nesādo taṃ ekappahāreneva vijjhitvā jīvitakkhayaṃ pāpesi. Atha so kālaṃ katvā tattheva vihāre vasantassa mahābhayattherassa kaṇiṭṭhikāya kucchiyaṃ paṭisandhiṃ gaṇhitvā dasamāsaddhamāsaccayena mātukucchito nikkhamitvā kamena abhivaḍḍhanto sattavassiko ahosi. Tato taṃ mātāpitaro abhayattherassa santikaṃ nesuṃ. So na cirena kālena pabbājesi. So pana kumāro pubbe migabhūtenattanā dhammasavaṇānubhāvena khuraggeyeva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. - The suffix ‘-to’ in the word matukucchito is a suffix with which meaning? the ablative meaning (most often). It can be used in both singular and plural according to the context. It is a suffix, not a case ending. It turns the noun into a nipāta.

Vocab

- Khaṇo (m.): moment; instant; point in time; opportunity - Ekappahāreneva (eka + pahārena + eva): with just one shot - Pahāro (m.): strike (noun) - Eva (ind.): indeed, only - Vijjhati: shoots - Pāpesi (pāpe+i): he/she/it caused someone to reach (some place or condition) - Kaṇiṭṭhikā (f.): younger sister - Kālo (m.): time, death (k.kiriyā) - Kucchi (m., f.): belly, womb - Dasamāsaddhamāsaccayena (dasamāsa + addhamāsa + accayena): by the elapse of 10 and a half / 9 and a half months - Addhamāso (m.): half a month (fortnight) - Accayo (m.): elapsing, mistake, fault - Mātukucchito: from the mother’s womb - Kamo (m.) √kam: gradually, order; sequence; succession; way - Abhivaḍḍhati: grows - Abhivaḍḍhant: thing or being who is growing - Sattavassika (vis.): one who is seven years old - Tato: after that, after that moment - Neti: brings, leads to - Pabbajati: ordains, exiles - Pabbājeti (+ṇe): causes to ordain, causes to exile - Na cirena kālena: in a short period (lit. not by a long time) - Migabhūta (3.): being a deer - Migabhūtenattanā (migabhūtena + attanā) - Attanā: by oneself (s.w. a) - Pubba (3.): former, earlier - Khuraggeyeva (khuragge + eva) - Khuraggaṁ (nt.): the place where the head is shaven - Dhammasavaṇānubhāvena (dhammasavaṇa + ānubhāvena) - Savaṇaṁ (nt.): listening - Ānubhāvo (m.): power (s.w. ā) - Arahattaṁ (nt.): arahanthood ## Lesson 3 - declension of 'aggi', dhātugaṇa - Tassa pana mātulatthero paṭiladdhapañcābhiñño appattaarahattamaggaphalo ahosi. Athekasmiṃ divase sāmaṇero padoseva upajjhāyassa santikaṃ agamāsi. Athassa upajjhāyo hatthaṃ vaḍḍhetvā pāṇinā candamaṇḍalaṃ parimaddanto aṭṭhāsi. Sāmaṇero taṃ disvā “Bhante, etaṃ rakkhituṃ vaṭṭatī”ti āha. Thero pana tassa aggaphale arahatte patiṭṭhitabhāvaṃ ajānanto tassa vacanaṃ na sammā manasākāsi. Atha sāmaṇero iddhiyā candasahassaṃ āharitvā therassa dassetvā “Bhante, candasataṃ vā sahassaṃ vā satasahassaṃ vā āharaṇaṃ na bhāriyaṃ. Yo pana ekameva taṇhaṃ pajahati, so eva uttamo, taṃyeva bhāriya”nti āha.

Vocab

- Pana: mostly left behind in general translations; mostly used to mention something completely new to the subject. - Mātulo (m.) - uncle - Mātulatthero (m.): monk who is also the uncle; uncle-monk - Paṭiladdhapañcābhiñña (3.): one who has attained five abhiññā - Appatta-arahattamaggaphala (vis.): one who has not attained arahatta path and fruition - Padoseyeva (padose + eva ⇒ padosa) (m.): at the end of the night - Agamāsi (agam + ās + i): (he, she or it) went (with gam) - Vaḍḍhetvā (ind.): having developed, having enlarged - Pāṇi (m.): hattha (s.w. p) - Candamaṇḍalaṁ (nt.): moon-disk - Parimaddati: rubs - Aṭṭhāsi: (he, she or it) stood - Bhante (voc. ind.)―Venerable Sir - Rakkhituṃ: to protect - Etaṃ: this - Vaṭṭati: it is suitable - Candasahassaṃ: one thousand moons [this is a compound noun that stands in neuter gender singular form – samāhāra dvanda samāsa] - Dasseti: shows - Satasahassaṃ (nt.): one hundred thousand - Sata: a hundred - Sahassaṁ (nt.): thousand is written in neuter gender singular form or plural form - Vā (ind.) - or - Ābharaṇa (nt.): jewelry - Bhāriya (3.): something that is heavy - Yo―who (relative pronoun) - Ekameva = ekaṃ + eva - Taṃyeva = taṃ + eva - Bhariyanti (bhāriyaṃ + iti) - Velā (f.): time - Kasmā: why? due to what reason? - Uttama (vis.): best; highest; ultimate; supreme; top - Bhāvo √bhū (m.): state; condition; characteristic; nature - Patiṭṭhita √ṭhā: pp. (+loc) firmly grounded (in); well established (in), (+loc) set (in); fixed (in); settled (in); established (in) - Patiṭṭhitabhāvaṃ: the state of being firmly established ## Lesson 4 - declension of 'daṇḍī', bhikkhu, sayambhū - Taṃ sutvā thero vipassitvā tadaheva arahattaṃ pāpuṇi. Atha dutiyadivase therakaṇiṭṭhikā sāmaṇerena saddhiṃ theraṃ nimantesi. Thero bhaginiṃ evamāha. “Upāsike, tayājja bahū bhikkhū disvā cittaṃ pasādetabbaṃ. Paṭivīso pana dvinnaṃyeva hotū”ti taṃ pesetvā pubbaṇhasamayaṃ nivāsetvā pattacīvaramādāya bahūhi bhikkhūhi saddhiṃ agamāsi. Tesaṃ ānubhāvena dvinnaṃyeva paṭiyāditaṃ sūpabyañjanādi sabbaṃ bahūnaṃ bhikkhūnaṃ pahonakaṃ ahosi. Bhuttāvasāne kho upāsikā bhuttānumodanatthaṃ sāmaṇerassa pattaṃ gaṇhi. Sopi tesaṃ majjhe madhurabhāratiṃ nicchārento dhammaṃ desesi. Desanāvasāne mātāpitaro ādiṃ katvā bahū sotāpattiphale patiṭṭhahiṃsu. Bahuno janassa sā desanā sātthikā ahosi.

Vocab

- Vipassati: develops insight, practices insight meditation - Tadahe (taṃ+aha): in that day (s.w. t) - Dutiya (3.): second (cardinal) - Therakaṇiṭṭhikā (f.): younger sister of the Thera - Nimanteti: invites - Tayajja (tayā + ajja) - Evemāha (evaṃ āha) - Tayā: by you - Pasādetabba: should be gladdened; should be purified; should be made faithful; should be converted - Paṭivīso (m.): portion, part (s.w. p) - Koṭṭhāso (m.): portion, part (s.w. k) - Bhāgo (m.): portion, part (s.w. bh) - Dvinnaṃyeva (dvinnaṃ + eva) - Dvinnaṃ: for two, to two (dat.), of two (gen.) - Pubbaṇhasamayo (m.): morning - Nivāseti: wears (the antaravāsaka) - Pattacīvaramādāya (pattacīvaraṃ + ādāya) - Ādāya (ind.): having taken (s.w/ ā) - Paṭiyādita (3.): pp. prepared, arranged, given over, supplied - Sūpabyañjanādi (3.): food including broth, curries and so on - Ādi: beginning - Pahonaka (3.) pa √hū (be): sufficient, enough (s.w. p) - Bhuttaṁ (nt.): eating - Avasānaṁ (nt.) [ava + √sā + ana]: ending; finishing; concluding (s.w. a) (noun) - Kho (ind.): particle which has no specific meaning - Bhuttānumodanatthaṃ: for the Dhamma talk given at the end of the meal (2 explanations: kaccāyana - tthaṁ is a suffix in the place of dative case (for); attha (for the sake of, for the benefit of)) - Api (ind.): and - Majjha (3.): middle - Madhura (3.): sweet - Bhāratī (f.): speech (s.w bh) - Nicchāreti: utters a sound - Sātthika (3.): beneficial - Mātāpitaro (m.pl.): mother and father [a compound noun – itarītara dvanda – only found in masculine gender and plural] - Patiṭṭhahati: establishes, stands firmly, finds a support - Sātthaka (vis.) √ar: useful; beneficial; advantageous; lit. with meaning ## Lesson 5 - declension of 'atta', bhavalakkhaṇa, pubbasaradīghasandhi - Atīte jambudīpe ajitaraṭṭhe eko gopālako vasi. Tassa gehe eko paccekabuddho nibaddhaṃ bhuñjati. Tasmiṃ gehe eko kukkuro ca ahosi. Paccekabuddho bhuñjanto tassa nibaddhaṃ ekaṃ bhattapiṇḍaṃ adāsi. So tena paccekabuddhe (loc.sg) sinehamakāsi. Gopālako divasassa dve vāre paccekabuddhassa upaṭṭhānaṃ gacchi. Sunakhopi tena saddhiṃ gacchi. Gopālo ekadivasaṃ paccekabuddhaṃ āha: “Yadā me bhante, okāso na bhavissati, tadā imaṃ sunakhaṃ pesessāmi. Tena saññāṇena āgaccheyyāthā”ti. Tato paṭṭhāya anokāsadivase sunakhaṃ pesesi. So ekavacaneneva pakkhanditvā paccekabuddhassa vasanaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā tikkhattuṃ bhussitvā attano āgatabhāvaṃ jānāpetvā ekamantaṃ nipajji. Paccekabuddhe velaṃ sallakkhetvā nikkhante bhussanto purato gacchi. Paccekabuddho taṃ vīmaṃsanto ekadivasaṃ aññaṃ maggaṃ paṭipajji. Atha sunakho purato tiriyaṃ ṭhatvā bhussitvā itaramaggameva naṃ āropesi. - English translation: - In the past in the island of Jambudīpa in a country called Ajita dwelt a herdsman. In his house a silent Buddha regularly ate. In that house there was also a dog. The silent buddha would frequently give a lump of food to it. The dog because of that became fond of the silent buddha. The herdsman twice a day would go to silent buddha for serving him. The dog as well would go with him. One day the herdsman said to the silent buddha: "Whenever, bhante, I have no opportunity (to come) I will send this dog. By this sign may bhante come". From then onwards whenever he had no opportunity to go he would send the dog. The dog would spring forward on a single command and after having approached the dwelling place of the private buddha would bark thrice to make known its presence and lie down at a side. When the private buddha departed after having considered the time it would go ahead while barking. The private buddha one day took a different path in order to test the dog. Then the dog stood horizontally and while barking got the silent buddha back on the right path.

Vocab

- Jambudīpo (m.): the island called Jambudīpa - Ajitaraṭṭhaṁ (nt.): country called Ajita - Nibaddhaṃ (ind.): regularly, frequently (s.w. n) - Kukkuro (m.): sunakho, sā (s.w. k) - Sinehamakāsi = sinehaṃ + akāsi: became fond of, loved, cared for - Sineho (m.): love, care - Divasassa dve vāre / divasassa dvikkhattuṁ: twice a day, two times a day, two turns a day - Khattuṁ (nip.): -fold, -times - Upaṭṭhānaṁ: for the service, for attending on - Yadā (ind.): when (relative) - How to say he said to him?: so taṁ (acc.) āha - Okāso (m.): opportunity, space - Ima: this - Saññāṇaṁ (nt.): sign - Āgaccheyyātha: may (bhante) come (invitation) - Tato paṭṭhāya: from there onwards - Paṭṭhāya: having begun (s.w. p) - Pakkhandati (pa + √khand): springs forward, takes to it; gets it; gains confidence; is inspired; is eager, lit. jumps forward - Vasanaṭṭhānaṁ (nt.): residence - Anokāsadivaso (m.): the day one does not get an opportunity - Tikkhattuṃ (ind.): three times - Bhussati: barks - Attano: one’s own - Āgatabhāvo (m.): the fact that one has come - Jānāpeti: makes someone to know - Ekamantaṃ (ind.): at one side - Nipajjati: lies down (s.w. n) - Sallakkheti: considers, observes - Nikkhanta: the one who has left - Purato: in the front (sometimes -to expresses the locative meaning) - Vīmaṃsati: investigates - Paṭipajjati: follows, goes (s.w. p) - Tiriyaṃ (ind.): across, horizontally, transversely - ṭhatvā (ind.): having stood - Itaramaggameva = itaramaggaṃ + eva - Itara - Itaramaggo (m.): the other road - Āropeti: puts on, gets ready, ascends - Tuvaṭaṁ (nip.): quickly, immediately (s.w. t) - Sīgha (vis.): fast⏩ - Sādhukāra (m.): applause; approval; cheering; well wishing; lit. good making - Adaṃsu: (+acc) they gave; they offered - In Pāḷi adverbs are called kiriyā visesana – verb modifiers. They are adjectives mostly written in neuter gender accusative singular form or sometimes instrumental. There are also some nipātas which function as adverbs as well. ## Lesson 6 - declension of 'eta', causative, niggahītasandhi - Athekadivasaṃ aññaṃ maggaṃ paṭipajjitvā sunakhe tiriyaṃ ṭhatvā vārentepi anivattitvā taṃ pādena apanetvā pāyāsi. Sunakho tassa anivattanabhāvaṃ ñatvā nivāsanakaṇṇe ḍaṃsitvā ākaḍḍhanto gantabbamaggameva pāpesi. Evaṃ so sunakho tasmiṃ paccekabuddhe balavasinehaṃ uppādesi. Aparabhāge paccekabuddhassa cīvaraṃ jīri. Athassa gopālako cīvaravatthāni adāsi. Paccekabuddho “Phāsukaṭṭhānaṃ gantvā cīvaraṃ kāressāmī”ti gopālakaṃ āha. Sopi “Bhante mā ciraṃ bahi vasitthā”ti avadi. Sunakhopi tesaṃ kathaṃ suṇanto aṭṭhāsi. Paccekabuddhe vehāsaṃ abbhuggantvā gacchante bhuṅkaritvā ṭhitassa sunakhassa hadayaṃ phali. Tiracchānā nāmete ujujātikā honti akuṭilā. Manussā pana aññaṃ cintenti, aññaṃ vadanti. - English translation: - Then, one day after following another path when the dog stood sideways preventing him he went on without stopping moving it away with his foot. The dog realizing he did not stop bit the edge of his robe and while dragging him made him reach the right path. In this way that dog gave rise to strong affection for the private buddha. Afterwards the private buddha's robe got worn out. Then the herdsman offered him cloth for a robe. The paccekabuddha said to the herdsman: "I will go to a comfortable place and have a robe made" and the herdsman said thus: "Bhante, may bhante not dwell away for long". The dog too stood listening to their conversation. When the private buddha rose up in the sky and was going away the dog barked and its heart was broken. Such animals are of an honest nature, not crooked, but humans think one thing and say another.

Vocab

- Vāreti: prevents - Nivattati: stops - Apaneti √nī: pr. (+acc) takes out; removes; extracts; lit. leads away - Payāti: gacchati - Pāyāsi (pa + (a) + √yā + (s) + i): set out, started, went forth (s.w. p) - Nivāsanakaṇṇo (m.): the edge of the lower robe - ḍaṃsati: bites - Kuhiṁ: where? - Ākaḍḍhati: drags - Pāpeti: causes to reach or attain - Gantabbamaggo (m.): the path that should be walked upon - Balavasineho (m.): strong love, strong affection - Aparabhāge: afterwards - Apara [apa + ra]: (adj.) another; after; further; next; western - Bhāga √bhaj (m.) part; portion; share; measure; masc. class; category; group; subdivision - Jīrati: decays, gets old - Phāsukaṭṭhānaṁ (nt.): the comfortable place - Kāreti: makes someone to do - Uppādeti: causes something to arise - Ciraṃ / cirassaṁ (ind.): (for) a long time - Bahi (ind.): outside - Vehāso (m.): sky - Abbhuggacchati: rises up, rises into - Bhuṅkaroti: bhussati - Phalati: splits, bursts open, bears fruit - Ujujātika (3.): one who is of upright nature, one who is honest - Akuṭilo (m.): one who is of non-crooked nature, thing that is not crooked - Damasaccaṁ (nt.): self-restraint and truth; self-control and honesty - Apeta (adj.) [apa + √i + a + ta]: (+instr) without; devoid (of); free (from); -less; lit. gone away; 2: (+abl) abstaining (from); lit. gone away - Atippago (ind.): (+inf) too early (to) - Pago (ind.): early - The particle mā goes with either pañcamī vibhatti or ajjatanī vibhatti (mā vasatha / mā vasittha). In both cases it has the same meaning (the past meaning is not applied). On occasions where respect should be shown plural nouns and verbs are used instead of singular. ## Lesson 7 - saṅkhyānāma, tulyatthaliṅgatthavākya, yākārādi āgamasandhi, dvebhāvasandhi - Kūṭavāṇija Jātakaṃ – 1 Atīte bārāṇasiyaṃ brahmadatte rajjaṃ kārente bodhisatto bārāṇasiyaṃ vāṇijakule nibbatti. Nāmaggahaṇadivase assa paṇḍitoti nāmamakaṃsu. So vayappatto aññena vāṇijena saddhiṃ ekato hutvā vāṇijjaṃ karoti. Tassa atipaṇḍitoti nāmaṃ ahosi. Te bārāṇasito pañcahi sakaṭasatehi bhaṇḍaṃ ādāya janapadaṃ gantvā vaṇijjaṃ katvā laddhalābhā puna bārāṇasiṃ āgamiṃsu. Atha tesaṃ bhaṇḍabhājanakāle atipaṇḍito āha: “Mayā dve koṭṭhāsā laddhabbā”ti. “Kiṃkāraṇā?”ti. “Tvaṃ paṇḍito, ahaṃ atipaṇḍito, paṇḍito ekaṃ laddhuṃ arahati, atipaṇḍito dve”ti. Nanu amhākaṃ dvinnaṃ bhaṇḍamūlampi goṇādayopi samasamāyeva. Kasmā tvaṃ dve koṭṭhāse laddhuṃ arahasī?”ti. “Atipaṇḍitabhāvenā”ti. Evaṃ te kathaṃ vaḍḍhetvā kalahaṃ akaṃsu. - Quick English translation: - In the past, when Brahmadatta was reigning in Bārāṇasī, the bodhisatta was born in a family of merchants. In his naming day he was given the name Paṇḍita. After growing up he joined another merchant in business whose name was Atipaṇḍita. After taking goods from Bārāṇāsī with five hundred carts they went to the countryside, did business and after making profit came back to Bārāṇasī. Then when it was the time for sharing the goods Atipaṇḍito said: "I should receive two portions", "for what reason?" asked Paṇḍita. "You are Paṇḍita and I am Atipaṇḍita. Paṇḍita deserves one share while Atipaṇḍita deserves two". "Isn't our investments, oxen and so on, the same indeed?

Vocab

- Kūṭavāṇijo (m.): cunning merchant - Bārāṇasī (f.): city called Bārāṇasī - Rajjaṁ (nt.): kingdom, kingship - Brahmadatto (m.): King Brahmadatta; lit. given by the Brahma (datta=dinna) - Kārente in this case in taken as not causative - Nāmaggahaṇadivaso (m.): the day of giving a name (the day on which a child is named) - Nibbattati: is born, arises - Nāmamakaṃsu: they named (a child); lit. they did the name - Akaṁsu: they did - Vayappatta (3.): one who has grown up - Ekato hutvā: having come together - Vāṇijo (m.): merchant - Vāṇijjaṁ (nt.) / vaṇijjā (f.): trade, trading - Sakaṭo (m.): cart - Pañcahi sakaṭasatehi: with five hundred carts - Bhaṇḍo (m.): stock in trade, collectively goods, wares, property, possessions - Laddhalābha (3.): one who has obtained gain (profit) - Bhaṇḍabhājanakālo (m.): time of distributing goods - Laddhabba (3.): the thing that should be gotten - Āgamiṁsu: they came back - Koṭṭhāso (m.): share, portion (s.w. k) - Kiṃkāraṇā: why? for what reason? - Laddhuṃ (labh + tuṁ)/ labhituṁ (labh + tuṁ): to obtain - Arahati: deserves - Nanu (ind.): isn’t it …? - Dvinnaṃ: of the two (gen.), for or to the two (dat.) - Bhaṇḍamūlaṁ (nt.): price of the good - Goṇādayo: a group of things containing oxen and etc - Samasama (3.): ones who are equal - Kalaho (m.): fight (noun) - Vākyaṁ (nt.) √vac: word; talk; speech - Pātarāso (m.): breakfast - Sabbhireva [sabbhi + eva] (sandhi): only with the wise; just with the virtuous - Samāsati [saṃ + √ās + a + ti]: pr. (+instr) associates (with); keeps close company (with); lit. sits together (s.w. s) - Pariyantaṁ [pari + anta]: adj. (+instr) surrounded (by); encircled (by); bounded (by) - Appassuta: adj. ignorant; uneducated; unlearned; lit. heard little ## Lesson 8 - declension of 'satthu', 'pitu', passive voice - Kūṭavāṇija Jātaka - 2 Tato atipaṇḍito ‘Attheko upāyo’ti cintetvā attano pitaraṃ ekasmiṃ susirarukkhe pavesetvā “Tvaṃ amhesu āgatesu ‘Atipaṇḍito dve koṭṭhāse laddhuṃ arahatī’ti vadeyyāsī”ti vatvā bodhisattaṃ upasaṅkamitvā “Samma, mayhaṃ dvinnaṃ koṭṭhāsānaṃ yuttabhāvaṃ vā ayuttabhāvaṃ vā esā rukkhadevatā jānāti. Ehi naṃ pucchissāmā”ti taṃ tattha netvā “Ayye rukkhadevate, amhākaṃ aṭṭaṃ pacchindā”ti āha. Athassa pitā saraṃ parivattetvā “Tena hi kathethā”ti āha. “Ayye, ayaṃ paṇḍito, ahaṃ atipaṇḍito. Amhehi ekato vohāro kato. Tattha kena kiṃ laddhabba”nti. “Paṇḍitena eko koṭṭhāso. Atipaṇḍitena dve laddhabbā”ti. Bodhisatto evaṃ vinicchitaṃ aṭṭaṃ sutvā “Idāni devatābhāvaṃ vā adevatābhāvaṃ vā jānissāmī”ti palālaṃ āharitvā susiraṃ pūretvā aggiṃ adāsi. Atipaṇḍitassa pitā jālāya phuṭṭhakāle addhajjhāmena sarīrena upari āruyha sākhaṃ gahetvā olambanto bhūmiyaṃ pati. - English translation: - "Master tree sprite, settle our lawsuit" - "Master, this is Paṇḍita and I am Atipaṇḍita. The trade was done together by us. There, what should be received by whom?" "One share by Paṇḍita and two should be received by Atipaṇḍita". The bodhisatta after hearing thus the decision of the lawsuit thinking "Now I will get to know whether it is a deity or not" took straw, filled the hollow and lit it on fire. When Atipaṇḍita's father was touched by the flame

Vocab

- Tato: after that - Attheko = atthi + eko - Upāyo (m.): strategy, means (of attaining some desired target) - Pitaraṃ: accusative case of the noun pitā (father) - Susirarukkho (m. nt.): a tree with a hollow - Paveseti: causes to enter - Laddhuṃ: to get, to obtain - Vatvā (ind.): having said - Samma (ind.): friend (vocative case only) - Yuttabhāvo (m.): the state of being suitable, fact of deserving - Eti: comes - Rukkhadevatā (f.): tree-deity - Neti (√nī + a + to): leads, carries away, takes away; does not enter/go (into) - Ayyo (m.): sāmī - Ayyā (f.): mistress, lady, madam (s.w. a) - Sāminī (f.): mistress, female owner (s.w. s) - Aṭṭo/aṭṭaṁ (m./nt.): lawsuit - Pacchindati: cuts, puts an end to - Pitu ⇒ pitā (m.): father - Saro (m.): voice, sound - Tena hi: if so - Parivatteti: turns round, rolls, changes about - Vohāro (m.): trade, trading - Kata (3.): built - Tattha (ind.): there - Palālo/aṁ (m. nt.): straw - Vinicchita (3.): the matter that has been decided - Āharati: brings - Susiraṁ (nt.): hollow - Phuṭṭhakālo (m.): the time when touched, time of touch - Jālā (f.): flame - Olambant: the thing that is hanging - Addhajjhāma (3.): the thing that is half burnt ## Lesson 9 - manogaṇa, pumādigaṇa - Nāmasiddhi Jātaka - 1 Atīte takkasilāyaṃ bodhisatto disāpāmokkho ācariyo hutvā pañcamāṇavakasatāni mante vācesi. Tasseko māṇavo ‘Pāpako’ nāma nāmena. So ‘Ehi pāpaka, yāhi pāpakā”ti vuccamāno cintesi: mayhaṃ nāmaṃ avamaṅgalaṃ. Aññaṃ nāmaṃ āharāpessāmīti. So ācariyaṃ upasaṅkamitvā “Ācariya, mayhaṃ nāmaṃ avamaṅgalaṃ. Aññamme nāmaṃ karothā”ti āha. Atha naṃ ācariyo “Gaccha tāta, janapadacārikaṃ caritvā attano abhirucitaṃ ekaṃ maṅgalaṃ nāmaṃ gahetvā ehi. Āgatassa te nāmaṃ parivattetvā aññaṃ nāmaṃ karissāmī”ti. So “Sādhū”ti pātheyyaṃ gahetvā nikkhanto gāmena gāmaṃ caranto ekaṃ nagaraṃ pāpuṇi. Tattha ceko puriso kālakato jīvako nāma nāmena. So taṃ ñātijanena āḷāhanaṃ nīyamānaṃ disvā “Ko nāmesa puriso?”ti pucchi. “Jīvako nāmeso”ti. “Jīvako’pi maratī?”ti. “Jīvako’pi marati. Ajīvako’pi marati. Nāmaṃ nāma paññattimattaṃ. Tvaṃ bāloti maññe”ti. So taṃ kathaṃ sutvā nāme majjhatto hutvā antonagaraṃ pāvisi.

vocab

- Takkasilā (f.): city called Takkasilā (Takṣaśilā) - Disāpāmokkho (m.): one who is foremost in a certain district (directions) - Manto (m.): hymn, Veda - Pañcamāṇavakasatāni: five hundred young men - Vāceti: teaches, uggaṇhāpeti (s.w/v) - Uggaṇhāpeti: teaches, vāceti - Pāpaka (3.): a name which has the meaning ‘the evil one’ - He is called pāpaka by name: pāpako nāma nāmena - Gottena gotamo nātho / nāmena siddhattho nātho - Yāhi: go (imperative, 2nd person singular) (s.w. y) - Avamaṅgalaṁ (nt.): bad luck, ill omen - Vuccamāna (3.): one who is being addressed - Āharāpeti: causes to bring (causative form of the verb āharati) - Aññaṁ me ⇒ aññamme - Tāta (m.): son, brother, father - Abhirucita (3.): thing or person that is liked very much (s.w. a) - Sādhu (ind.): ‘It is good!’, ‘Yes’ - Pātheyyaṁ (nt.): provision for a journey - Gāmena gāmaṃ: from a village to another village - Kālakata (3.): one who died - Jīvaka (3.): one who is living - Āḷāhanaṁ (nt.): cemetery - Nīyamāna (3.): one who is being carried, the thing that is being carried - Maññe (ind.): (any subject) think (ind.) - Maññāti: thinks, imagines, presume, suppose, knows, is convinced, is sure, considers (to be), takes (as), regards (as) - Paññattimatta (3.): a mere concept or name - Majjhatta (3.): neutral, impartial, indifferent - Antonagaraṃ (nt.): inside the city (These are special compound words called avyayībhāva samāsa. They are only found in neuter gender). - Pāvisi: entered (aorist past tense of pavisati) - Exercise 1 - 1). Answer the following questions in Pāḷi. - i. Bodhisatto ko ahosi? - bodhisatto disāpāmokkho ācariyo ahosi. - ii. Pāpako kathaṃ vuccamāno cintesi? (kathaṃ - how) - iii. Pāpake ācariyaṃ upasaṅkamite ācariyo naṃ kiṃ āha? (upasaṅkamite – when approached) - iv. Ekasmiṃ nagare ko kālamakāsi? - v. Pāpako kiṃ sutvā nāme majjhatto ahosi? - English translation: - In the past in Takkasilā the future-buddha was the foremost teacher in - he though "My name is unlucky. I will make my teacher give me another name." Having approached the teacher he said "teacher, my name is unlucky. Please make me another name." Then the teacher said "go, son, wander through the district and find a lucky name that you like very much and then return here. After you come back and change your name I will make you another name". After saying "that is good!" and taking provisions for the journey - I think you are a fool". Having heard that and become indifferent with regard to names he entered the city. ## Lesson 10 - conjugation of root √as - Nāmasiddhi Jātaka - 2 Athekaṃ dāsiṃ bhatiṃ adadamānaṃ sāmikā dvāre nisīdāpetvā rajjuyā paharanti. Tassā ca dhanapālīti nāmaṃ hoti. So antaravīthiyā gacchanto taṃ pothiyamānaṃ disvā “Kasmā imaṃ pothethā”ti pucchi. “Bhatiṃ dātuṃ na sakkotī”ti. “Kimpanassā nāma”nti. “Dhanapālī nāmā”ti. “Nāmena dhanapālī samānāpi bhatimattaṃ dātuṃ na sakkotī”ti. “Dhanapāliyopi adhanapāliyopi duggatā honti. Nāmaṃ nāma paṇṇattimattaṃ. Tvaṃ pana bālo maññe”ti. So nāme majjhattataro hutvā nagarā nikkhamma maggaṃ paṭipanno antarāmagge maggamūḷhaṃ purisaṃ disvā “Ambho, kiṃ karonto vicarasī”ti pucchi. "maggamūḷhomhi sāmī”ti. “Kimpana te nāma”nti. “Panthako nāmā”ti. “Panthakāpi magge mūḷhā hontī”ti. “Panthakopi apanthakopi maggamūḷho hoti. Nāmaṃ nāma paṇṇattimattaṃ. Tvaṃ bālo maññe”ti. So nāme atimajjhatto hutvā bodhisattassa santikaṃ gantvā “Kiṃ tāta, nāmaṃ rocetvā āgatosī”ti ca vutte “Ācariya, jīvakāpi nāma maranti ajīvakāpi. Dhanapāliyopi duggatā honti adhanapāliyopi. Panthakāpi maggamūḷhā honti apanthakāpi. Nāmaṃ nāma paṇṇattimattaṃ. Nāmena siddhi natthi. Kammeneva siddhi. Alaṃ mayhaṃ aññena nāmena. Tadeva me nāmaṃ hotū”ti āha. Bodhisatto tena diṭṭhañca katañca saṃsandetvā imaṃ gāthamāha. Jīvakañca mataṃ disvā, dhanapāliñca duggataṃ Panthakañca vane mūḷhaṃ, pāpako punarāgato. - Nāmaṃ nāma paṇṇattimattaṃ. Nāmena siddhi natthi. Kammeneva siddhi. - English translation: - Then the owners of a female slave who did not give the money back made her sit down by the door and were hitting her with a whip. Her name was "The one who protects wealth". Walking on the middle of the road he saw her being beaten and asked: "why are you beating her?", "She did not give back the money", "What is her name?", "The name is The one who protects wealth", "Even being named "The one who protects wealth" she is not able to give back a mere fee". "Those (who are named) those who protect wealth as well as those who are named those who do not protect wealth can be poor. The name is just a designation. I think you are a fool". Becoming more indifferent to his name he left the city, took the road and on it saw a man who had lost his way and asked him "Hey there, what are you doing wandering around?", "I have lost my way, sir", "What is your name?", "'One who knows the way' is my name", "Even those named 'One who knows the way' can also lose their way", "Those named 'one who knows the way' as well as those who are named 'one who does not know the way' can both lose their way. The name is just a designation. I think you are a fool!". Becoming more indifferent to his name he went to the presence of the future-buddha who said: "...only by deeds there is success. Enough of other names for me. May this indeed be my name". The future-buddha comparing what was seen and done by him uttered the verse: "Having seen the one who lives dead, the wealthy-one poor, the skilled in the way lost in the woods, pāpaka came back"

Vocab

- Dāsī (f.): female slave - Bhati (f.): salary, wages, fee, pay - Adadamāna (3.): one who is not giving - Sāmika (3.): lord - Bhati (f.): salary, wages, fee, pay - Adadamāna (3.): one who is not giving - Sāmika (3.): owner, husband, master, lord - Rajju (f.): rope - Dhanapālī (f.): the lady who is protecting the wealth - Antaravīthi (nt.): inner road - Poṭhiyamāna (3.): being beaten - Potheti: strikes, hits - Kimpanassā = kiṃ + pana + assā - Samāna (3.): present participle of the root √as – to be, to exist - Paṇṇatti (f.): designation, name, concept, idea, regulation - Bhatimatta (nt.): just the salary - Duggata (3.): one who is poor - Majjhattatara (3.): one who is more neutral, – more impartial, – more indifferent - Nikkhamma (ind.): having departed - Maggamūḷha (3.): one who has lost the way - Ambho (ind.): a particle of exclamation; employed to draw attention (look here, hey! hallo!), employed to mark reproach anger (you silly, you rascal) - Vicarati: wanders - Asmi / amhi: (I) am - Atimajjhatta (3.): one who is very much neutral, – impartial, – indifferent - -tara √tar (comparative suffix): more; -er (comparative suffix) - -tama (superlative suffix): -est - Panthaka (3.): one who knows the path - Kiṃ: what? - Roceti: likes - Āgatosi (āgato + asi) - Asi (verb): (you) are - Vutta (3.): one who is said, thing that has been said - Siddhi (f.): accomplishment, success - Alaṃ (ind.): it is of no use - Diṭṭha (3.): what has been seen, what was seen - Kata (3.): what was (has been) made or done - Mata (3.): one who died, dead being - Saṃsandati: compares - Punarāgato = puna + āgato - Kattha: where?