Part of Niruttidīpaṇī — Part I. Continued in Sandhividhāna 2 — Byañjanalopa & Bindulopa.

8 main sandhis

• lopo
• dīgho
• rasso
• vuddhi
• ādeso
• āgamo
• dvibhāvo
• vipallāso
• saralopa (elision of vowels)
• 26. saro lopo sare. (pubbasaralopa)
  • a vowel is elided when [there is] a vowel
  • luppatīti lopo. sare pare sarūpo vā asarūpo vā pubbo saro lopo hoti.
    • The letter that is elided is lopo. When / Because a vowel is succeeding, a vowel is elided, whether it is similar or dissimilar.
    • lopo can mean
      • the act of eliding
      • or the letter that is elided
    • nimittattha
    • 3 vibhattis used to express the cause / reason
      • tatiyāvibhatti: annena vasati
      • pañcamīvibhatti: avijjāpaccayā saṅkhārā (sambhavanti)
      • sattamī (nimittattha): kuñjaro dantesu haññate (the elephant is killed because of its tusks)
        • sampajānamusāvāde…omasavāde…ujjhāpanake khīyanake…pācittiyaṁ
    • how can it be known to which vowel the elision should occur?
      • the elision occurs to the preceding vowel - that is shown by the sattamīvibhatti (because of the sutta no. 14 - sattamiyaṁ pubbassa)
  • sarūpe tāva –
    avaṇṇe - lokaggo, bhavāsavo, avijjāsavo, avijjānusayo.
    ivaṇṇe - munindo, munīrito, varavādīrito, itthindriyaṃ.
    uvaṇṇe - bahūpakāro, bahukā ūmi bahūmi, sarabhuyā ūmi sarabhūmi, sarabhuyā udakaṃ sarabhūdakaṃ.
    • 4 examples to show all combinations (a a, a ā, ā ā, ā a…)
    • muni indo ⇒ mun_ indo
      muni īrito ⇒ mun_ īrito
      varavādī īrito ⇒ varavād_ īrito
      itthī indriyaṁ ⇒ itth_ indriyaṁ
    • bahu upakāro ⇒ bah_ upakāro
      bahu ūmi ⇒ bah_ ūmi
      sarabhū ūmi ⇒ sarabh_ ūmi
      sarabhū udakaṁ ⇒ sarabh_ udakaṁ
    • ka is used in bahu to make it feminine, but we should disjoin it as bahu ūmi
    • note: argument in favor of the double consonants being pronounced differently: long vowels are difficult to be pronounced before conjuncts
  • asarūpe –
    sotindriyaṃ (a i), kāmupādānaṃ (a u), bhavesanā (a e), bhavogho (a o), so tuṇhassa (i/ī a), diṭṭhānusayo (i a), diṭṭhupādānaṃ (i u), diṭṭhekaṭṭhaṃ (i e), diṭṭhogho (i o), mudindriyaṃ (u i), puttā matthi (me atthi), urassa (uro assa) dukkho, asantettha (asanto ettha) na dissanti iccādi.
    iti pubbaloparāsi.
    • bhavesanā ⇒ bhava esanā
    • tuṇhi assa
      • tuṇhī is also correct
    • uro assa dukkho bhavissati - his chest will suffer
    • asanto ettha na dissanti (in this world the unvirtuous are not seen - in the buddha’s eye, the wise , though far away, become clear to the buddha’s eye, but the unvirtuous is not seen, like arrows shot in the dark (dhmp))
  • vocab: see the Part I Vocabulary page
• 27. paro kvaci. (parasaralopa)
  • the succeeding occasionally
  • pubbasaramhā sarūpo vā asarūpo vā paro saro kvaci lopo hoti.
    • the succeeding vowel, which may be similar or dissimilar from the previous vowel, is occasionally elided.
  • sarūpe tāva –
    taṃ kadāssu (ā a - nipātamatta) bhavissati, kudāssu (ā a) nāma dummedho dukkhassantaṃ karissati, yadāssa (ā a) sīlaṃ paññañca, tadāssu (ā a) kaṇhaṃ yuñjanti -kaṇhanti mahākaṇhagoṇaṃ, taṇhāssa (ā a) vippahīnā, māssu (ā a) kujjha rathesabha, satthahārakaṃ vāssa (ā a) pariyeseyya, āgatāttha (ā a) tumhe, sotukāmāttha (ā a) tumhe, māyyo (ā a) evarūpamakāsi, papaṃ (pa āpaṁ) avinduṃ - pavaḍḍhaṃ āpaṃ labhiṃsūtyattho, nālaṃ kabaḷaṃ padātave - pa + ādātaveti chedo, gaṇhituntattho (gaṇhitunta attho), ruppatīti rūpaṃ, bujjhatīti buddhā-dīgho, aggīva (aggī iva) tappati, itthīva (itthī iva) gacchati, nadīva sandati, mātupaṭṭhānaṃ (u u), pitupaṭṭhānaṃ, yete (ye ete) dhammā ādikalyāṇā iccādi.
    • padātaveti paādātave, sandhivasena ākāralopo veditabbo, gahetunti attho.
      • example where the commentary shows the parassara should be elided
      • if pubbassara were to be elided, the ā would have to be shortened; here the comm.
      • māradheyyaṁ pahātave - here pahātave means pahātabbaṁ, not tumanta
  • asarūpe –
    itissa (i a), itipi, assamaṇīsi (ī a), akataññūsi (ū a), vandehaṃ (e a), sohaṃ, yassadāni (a i), chāyāva (ā i) anapāyinī, mādisesu (mādisā esu [pubbassara]) kathāva (kathā iva [parassara]) kā, kinnumāva (ā e) samaṇiyo, madhuvā (u i) maññati bālo, cakkhundriyaṃ, dveme bhikkhave dhammā, tayome bhikkhave dhammā iccādi. kvacīti kiṃ? katamā cānanda (a ā) aniccasaññā. (here pubbasaralopa)
    iti paraloparāsi.
  • note:
    • no sandhi / samāsa after ālapana - katamā cānanda aniccasaññā
    • akulāsuno vaṇṇupathe khaṇantā
      udaṅgaṇe… (jātaka)
      those who are not lazy, in the desert were digging, they experienced there a lot of water in that flat ground
      like this a sage possessed of the power of effort
      without being lazy you may also get the peace of mind (arahattaphala)
  • vocab: see the Part I Vocabulary page
• 28. na dve vā.
  • optionally both not
  • dve pubbaparasarā kvaci lopā na honti vā.
    • alternatively, sometimes neither the preceding nor the succeeding vowels are elided
      • the meaning of vā in grammar suttas:
        • vikappena (alternatively, optionally)
      • when there is vā in an a vidhi, there can be two alternatives in which both are applicable:
        • ko imaṁ or komaṁ (vā)
      • kvaci “occasionally (compulsory)”: shows that in some places there is a compulsory thing to do: sotindriyaṁ
        vā “optionally”: shows that it can be done as an option, not compulsory: komaṁ / ko imaṁ
      • appamādamata / appamādomata does not occur
      • 3 places where sandhi does not happen (from rūpasiddhi):
        • chandabheda (breaking the poetic meter): if a sandhi would break the poetic meter, it does not happen
        • asukhucchāraṇaṭṭhāne: in places that would be difficult to pronounce if sandhi happened
        • sandhicchā rahitaṭṭhāne: in places one has no desire to make a sandhi
    • example:
      • appamādo amataṃ padaṃ, ko imaṃ pathaviṃvicessati.
  • kvacitveva (kvaci iti eva kiṁ)? sotindriyaṃ, cakkhundriyaṃ
    vāti kiṃ? komaṃ vasaliṃ parāmasissati (who will touch this outcaste woman?).
  • ito paṭṭhāya yāvasandhikaṇḍāvasānā yuttaṭṭhānesu sabbattha kvacisaddo, vāsaddo ca vattante. tattha kvacisaddo nānāpayogaṃ dasseti. vāsaddo ekapayogassa nānārūpaṃ dasseti. lopanisedho.
    • from here onwards until the end of sandhikaṇḍa in suitable places everywhere the term kvaci and the term vā occur. Here, (among these) the term kvaci many examples are shown. The term vā one example with different forms is shown.
    • Is restraint of elision.
  • vocab: see the Part I Vocabulary page
• 29. parasarassa. (parasara of niggahīta)
  • niggahītamhā parasarassa kvaci lopo hoti vā.
    • Alternatively, in some places, the elision of the succeeding vowel from ṁ occurs.
    • tvaṃsi (ṁ a), candaṃva (ṁ i) vimalaṃ suddhaṃ, cakkaṃva (ṁ i) vahato padaṃ, halaṃdāni (ṁ i) pakāsituṃ , kinti (ṁ i) vadeyyaṃ, cīvaranti, pattanti, bhikkhunti.
    • iti saraloparāsi.