Vassūpanāyika Khandhaka — Paṭissava Dukkaṭa
Paṭissava Dukkaṭa
Background
- V. Upananda promised/undertook to spend the purimikā rains at a residence belonging to King Pasenadi Kosala
- on the way, he saw 2 monasteries were well supplied with robes
- desiring to get robes, he stayed there
- the King criticized his breaking of the promise, calling it false speech
- monks also criticizes him and reported to the Buddha
- Buddha questioned and reproached him, gave a Dhamma teaching on false speech and the breaking of a promise
- idha pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhunā vassāvāso paṭissuto hoti purimikāya. So taṃ āvāsaṃ gacchanto passati antarāmagge dve āvāse bahucīvarake. Tassa evaṃ hoti – “Yaṃnūnāhaṃ imesu dvīsu āvāsesu vassaṃ vaseyyaṃ. Evaṃ me bahuṃ cīvaraṃ uppajjissatī”ti. So tesu dvīsu āvāsesu vassaṃ vasati. Tassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno purimikā ca na paññāyati, paṭissave ca āpatti dukkaṭassa
- purimikā vassūpanāyika is not established
- paṭissava dkṭ
- notes: this shows
- the importance of keeping a promise made concerning the observance of the Rains
- not altering one’s undertaking because of an expectation of material gain
- avoiding a monk’s inappropriate desire for gain
8 Types of Dukkaṭas
- Pubbapayoga dukkaṭa: preliminary to stealing, etc.
- Sahapayoga dukkaṭa: clearing the ground to steal something
- Anāmāsa dukkaṭa: touching unallowable things like gems, raw grains, female images, weapons, etc.
- Durūpaciṇṇa dukkaṭa: touching fruits on the tree
- Vinaya dukkaṭa: consuming food into which dust has falling into the patta during piṇḍapāta
- Ñāta dukkaṭa: one hears of a schism, micchāduṭṭhi, etc., the monk cannot stay silent; he must go and admonish; otherwise, dkṭ
- Ñatti dukkaṭa: in 11 samanubhāsanas, dukkaṭa incurred in the ñatti of the samanubhāsanakammas
- Paṭissava dukkaṭa: breaking promises
Vassūpanāyika in Two Monasteries
- One enters vassūpanāyika in monastery A but later decides to enter it on monastery B
- when leaving the upacārasīmā of monastery A intending to observe vassa elsewhere: previous vassūpagamana / senāsanaggāha is terminated
- tassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno purimikā ca na paññāyati: refers to either
- the previous senāsanaggāha is terminated when going to another monastery
- purimikā does not become established at any residence (in the case of changing monastery after the entering day)
- vmv-ṭ: yasmā nānāsīmāyaṃ dvīsu āvāsesu vassaṃ upagacchantassa “dutiye vasissāmī”ti upacārato nikkhantamatte paṭhamo senāsanaggāho paṭippassambhati
- tassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno purimikā ca na paññāyati: refers to either
- when he enters vassa in the second monastery: his purimikā is established there
- at the end of the vassūpanāyika, he is purimavassaṁvuttha and can do pavāraṇā
- Vmv-ṭ: dutiye senāsanaggāhe pana purimikā paññāyateva, tattheva temāsaṃ vasanto purimavassaṃvuttho eva hoti
- if he does so and then, on the same day, returns to the monastery A and re-enters there: 2nd vassūpagamana is terminated when leaving the upacārasīmā and is again re-established in monastery A
- doing so on another day: vassūpanāyika is terminated and he can only observe it again on pacchimikā day
- at the end of the vassūpanāyika, he is purimavassaṁvuttha and can do pavāraṇā
- when leaving the upacārasīmā of monastery A intending to observe vassa elsewhere: previous vassūpagamana / senāsanaggāha is terminated
- Moment of termination:
- intending to observe in another place: when leaving the upacāra
- deciding when already outside the monastery: upon the arising of that decision
Conditions for the Paṭissava Dukkaṭa
Paṭissave ca āpatti dukkaṭassa: dkṭ for breaking a promise under the following conditions:
- Type of promise:
- I’ll spend these three months of the rains here
- Imaṃ temāsaṃ bhikkhaṃ gaṇhatha (I’ll accept alms-food for these three months)
- Ubhopi mayaṃ idha vassaṃ vasissāma (Let us both spend the rains here together)
- Ekato uddisāpessāma (Let us teach/learn the Pāli Canon and the Commentaries together)
- Other similar promises
- Status of the promise: long as the status of having made the promise remains in force
- Srtd-ṭ: paṭissavassa visaṃvādanapaccayā hontampi dukkaṭaṃ satiyeva paṭissave
- sincere promise subsequently broken
- deceitful promise (vaṅkacittena): musāvāda pc when making it, paṭissava dkṭ when breaking it
1st Heptad: Uposatha elsewhere
1: Tadaheva Akaraṇīyo Pakkamati
Tadaheva akaraṇīyo pakkamati: purimikā ca na paññāyati, paṭissave ca āpatti dukkaṭassa
- promises to spend the purimikā rains somewhere
- on the Āsāḷhapuṇṇamā, observes the uposatha on the way
- on the Pāṭipadika, arrives at the vassa-monastery but then departs:
- without having observed the vassa
- akaraṇīya: and without an appropriate or necessary reason
- Srtd-ṭ: akaraṇīyoti sattāhakaraṇīyena akaraṇīyo
- notes:
- he leaves with nirapekkhagamana
- note: since he hasnt’ observed the vassa, the sattāhakaraṇīya would not apply anyways
-
Sattāha-karaṇīyena
- 7-day period is explicitly mentioned in this way
- if it were sakaraṇīyo pakkamati: it would not be possible to convey the idea that he spends the ensuing seven days at an external place
Tadaheva akaraṇīyo pakkamati:
- if a monk departs without having entered upon the Rains, or
- here, the purimikā is never established
- departing with anapekkhagamanena
- if, after entering upon the Rains, he spends seven days at an external place, his purimikā (first/earlier Rains observance) is not established, and, because he had made a promise to spend the Rains there, an offence is also incurred (due to the break of that promise)
- here, the purimikā is initially established but is subsequently broken after the lapse of the seven days
2: Tadaheva Sakaraṇīyo Pakkamati
- Tadaheva Sakaraṇīyo Pakkamati: same as 1 but he departs with a valid reason
- Srtd-ṭ: sakaraṇīyoti sattāhakaraṇīyeneva sakaraṇīyo
- he departs with
- sakaraṇīya
- nirāpekkhagamana
- note: monk has not yet entered the vassa
- Purimikā ca na paññāyati, paṭissave ca āpatti dukkaṭassa
3: Dvīhatīhaṃ vasitvā akaraṇīyo pakkamati
- Dvīhatīhaṃ vasitvā akaraṇīyo pakkamati: same as 1 but:
- he enters vassa there
- stays 2 or 3 days
- departs with
- akaraṇīya
- nirapekkhagamana
- Purimikā ca na paññāyati, paṭissave ca āpatti dukkaṭassa
- vassaccheda dukkaṭa upon crossing the upacārasīmā as well
4: Dīhatīhaṁ vasitvā sakaraṇīyo pakkamati
- Dvīhatīhaṃ vasitvā sakaraṇīyo pakkamati: same as 1 but:
- he enters vassa there
- stays 2 or 3 days
- departs with
- sakaraṇīya
- nirapekkhagamana
- Purimikā ca na paññāyati, paṭissave ca āpatti dukkaṭassa
- vassaccheda dukkaṭa upon crossing the upacārasīmā as well (tbc)
5: Dīhatīhaṁ vasitvā sattāhakaraṇīyena pakkamati. So taṃ sattāhaṃ bahiddhā vītināmeti
- Dvīhatīhaṃ vasitvā sakaraṇīyo pakkamati: same as 1 but:
- he enters vassa there
- stays 2 or 3 days
- departs with
- sakaraṇīya
- sāpekkhagamana (intending to return)
- so taṃ sattāhaṃ bahiddhā vītināmeti - He spends that entire seven-day period outside)
- Purimikā ca na paññāyati, paṭissave ca āpatti dukkaṭassa
- vassaccheda dukkaṭa upon the 8th dawn outside
6: Dīhatīhaṁ vasitvā sattāhakaraṇīyena pakkamati. So taṃ sattāhaṃ anto sannivattaṃ karoti
- Dvīhatīhaṃ vasitvā sakaraṇīyo pakkamati: same as 1 but:
- he enters vassa there
- stays 2 or 3 days
- departs with
- sakaraṇīya
- sāpekkhagamana (intending to return)
- so taṃ sattāhaṃ anto sannivattaṃ karoti: returns within the 7-day period
- Purimikā ca paññāyati, paṭissave ca anāpatti
-
Entering & Leaving the Same Day
- V-a: Vassaṃ upagantvā pana aruṇaṃ anuṭṭhāpetvā tadaheva sattāhakaraṇīyena pakkamantassāpi antosattāhe nivattantassa anāpatti
- enter vassa
- depart on the same day with a sattāhakaraṇīya
- returns within the 7-day period: anāpatti
- Note: same for one who does so on a later day
- V-a: Vassaṃ upagantvā pana aruṇaṃ anuṭṭhāpetvā tadaheva sattāhakaraṇīyena pakkamantassāpi antosattāhe nivattantassa anāpatti
-
Forgetting to Enter
- intention or inclination (ālaya) to enter upon the rains residence and stay at a particular monastery
- forgets to verbally enter
- regarded as having entered
- senāsanaggāha is undertaken
- no vassaccheda
- can do pavāraṇā
- V-a: sace idha vasissāmīti ālayo atthi, asatiyā pana vassaṃ na upeti, gahitasenāsanaṃ suggahitaṃ, chinnavasso na hoti, pavāretuṃ labhatiyeva
- Srtd-ṭ: asatiyā pana vassaṃ na upetīti “imasmiṃ vihāre imaṃ temāsaṃ vassaṃ upemī”ti vacībhedaṃ katvā na upeti
7: So sattāhaṃ anāgatāya pavāraṇāya sakaraṇīyo pakkamati
- So sattāhaṃ anāgatāya pavāraṇāya sakaraṇīyo pakkamati: when 7 days remain before the Pāvāraṇā
- navamito paṭṭhāya: from the 9th day of the last pakkha before the pavāraṇā onwards
- same as 1 but:
- he enters vassa there
- 7 days or less before the Pāvāraṇā, he departs with
- sakaraṇīya
- sāpekkhagamana
- Āgaccheyya vā so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu taṃ āvāsaṃ, na vā āgaccheyya: whether he returns or not
- Purimikā ca paññāyati, paṭissave ca anāpatti
- no vassaccheda
- can do pavāraṇā elsewhere
- Sattāhaṃ anāgatāya pavāraṇāyāti ettha navamito paṭṭhāya gantuṃ vaṭṭati, āgacchatu vā mā vā, anāpatti
| 9th | 10th | 11th | 12th | 13th | 14th | 15th: pavāraṇā |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| departs | returns/not: anāpatti | |||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 |
- leaving as akaraṇīya: not mentioned, so one must be sakaraṇīya to depart without breaking the vassa and committing the offenses
- leaving on the pavāraṇā day: also needs sakaraṇīya
- Vmv-ṭ: pavāraṇādivasepi sattāhakaraṇīyaṃ vinā gantuṃ na vaṭṭatīti veditabbaṃ
Summary Tables
Heptad 1: Purimikā with uposatha on the way
- Arrival: Pāṭipadika of Āsāḷhapuṇṇamā
| Case | Vassūpagamana | Departure | Karaṇīya | Gamana | After Departure | Purimikāya | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | no | tadaheva | akāraṇīya | nirapekkha | - | na paññāyati | paṭissava dkṭ |
| 2 | no | tadaheva | sakāraṇīya | nirapekkha | - | na paññāyati | paṭissava dkṭ |
| 3 | yes | dvīhatīhaṁ vasitvā | akāraṇīya | nirapekkha | - | na paññāyati | vassaccheda & paṭissava dkṭ |
| 4 | yes | dvīhatīhaṁ vasitvā | sakāraṇīya | nirapekkha | - | na paññāyati | vassaccheda & paṭissava dkṭ |
| 5 | yes | dvīhatīhaṁ vasitvā | sakāraṇīya | sāpekkha | sattāhaṁ bahiddhā vītināmeti | na paññāyati | vassaccheda & paṭissava dkṭ |
| 6 | yes | dvīhatīhaṁ vasitvā | sakāraṇīya | sāpekkha | sattāhaṁ anto sannivattaṁ karoti | paññāyati | anāpatti |
| 7 | yes | sattāhaṁ anāgatāya pavāraṇāya | sakāraṇīya | sāpekkha | āgaccheyya na āgaccheyya vā | paññāyati | anāpatti |
Heptad 2: Purimikā with Uposatha at designated monastery
| Case | Vassūpagamana | Outcome |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | yes | vassaccheda & paṭissava dkṭ |
| 2 | yes | vassaccheda & paṭissava dkṭ |
| 3 | yes | vassaccheda & paṭissava dkṭ |
| 4 | yes | vassaccheda & paṭissava dkṭ |
| 5 | yes | vassaccheda & paṭissava dkṭ |
| 6 | yes | anāpatti |
| 7 | yes | anāpatti |
- departure, karaṇīya, gamana, after departure, purimikā: as 1st septad
Heptad 3: Pacchimikā with Uposatha on the way
- Arrival: Pāṭipadika of Sāvaṇapuṇṇamā
| Case | Departure | Pacchimikā | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | tadaheva | na paññāyati | vassaccheda & paṭissava dkṭ |
| 2 | tadaheva | na paññāyati | vassaccheda & paṭissava dkṭ |
| 3 | dvīhatīhaṃ vasitvā | na paññāyati | vassaccheda & paṭissava dkṭ |
| 4 | dvīhatīhaṃ vasitvā | na paññāyati | vassaccheda & paṭissava dkṭ |
| 5 | dvīhatīhaṃ vasitvā | na paññāyati | vassaccheda & paṭissava dkṭ |
| 6 | dvīhatīhaṃ vasitvā | paññāyati | anāpatti |
| 7 | sattāhaṃ anāgatāya komudiyā cātumāsiniyā | paññāyati | anāpatti |
- vassūpagamana: yes
- karaṇīya, gamana, after departure: as 1st septad
Heptad 4: Pacchimikā with Uposatha at designated monastery
| Case | Karaṇīya | Gamana | After Departure | Vassa Status (Pacchimikā) | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | akaraṇīyo | nirāpekkha | - | na paññāyati | paṭissava dkṭ & vassaccheda |
| 2 | sakaraṇīyo | nirāpekkha | - | na paññāyati | paṭissava dkṭ & vassaccheda |
| 3 | akaraṇīyo | nirāpekkha | - | na paññāyati | paṭissava dkṭ & vassaccheda |
| 4 | sakaraṇīyo | nirāpekkha | - | na paññāyati | paṭissava dkṭ & vassaccheda |
| 5 | sakaraṇīyo | sāpekkha | sattāhaṃ bahiddhā vītināmeti | na paññāyati | paṭissava dkṭ & vassaccheda |
| 6 | sakaraṇīyo | sāpekkha | sattāhaṃ anto sannivattaṁ karoti | paññāyati | anāpatti |
| 7 | sakaraṇīyo | sāpekkha | āgaccheyya na āgaccheyya vā | paññāyati | anāpatti |
- Vassūpagamana: yes
- Departure: as the 3rd septad
Heptad Contexts
| Heptad | Vassa Type | Uposatha Location | Arrival at Vassa Monastery | Uposatha |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | purimikā | on the way | Pāṭipadika | Āsāḷha Pūṇṇamī |
| 2 | purimikā | at designated monastery | Āsāḷhapuṇṇamā | Āsāḷha Pūṇṇamī |
| 3 | pacchimikā | on the way | Pāṭipadika | Sāvaṇa Pūṇṇamī |
| 4 | pacchimikā | at designated monastery | Āsāḷhapuṇṇamā | Sāvaṇa Pūṇṇamī |
Komudiyā Cātumāsiniyā
Komudiyā cātumāsiniyāti pacchima-kattika-puṇṇamāyaṃ
- Komudī / Cātumāsinī: full-moon day of the latter Kattika (pacchima-kattika) month
- Komudī: because the kumuda (white water-lily) is abundant on that day
- Cātumāsinī: because it marks the end of the four months belonging to the rainy season
- Pubba-kattika: Assayuja
- 3rd month of vassāna
- Pacchima-kattika: Cīvaramāsa / Kattika
- from Assayujapuṇṇamā to Kattikapuṇṇamā
- usually from the October full moon to November full moon
- 4th month of the vassāna
Vassūpanāyika Khandhaka – all parts:
- Introduction & Main Allowance
- Further Regulations
- Sattāhakaraṇīya
- Further Regulations (continued)
- Paṭissava Dukkaṭa
- Additional Information
- Pāḷi Rules