Vassūpanāyika Khandhaka — Sattāhakaraṇīya

Sattāhakaraṇīya

Background

Buddha: Jetavana
Upāsaka Udena built a monastery for the Saṅgha in the country of Kosala and invited monks to visit, as he expected to:
- see the monks
- offer alms
- listen to Dhamma
Monks said:
- no, due to the prohibition against travelling during the vassāvāsa
- only after the residence
- in urgency, do it with the resident monks
Udena criticized their not coming despite his being a donor and supporter of the Saṅgha

Anuññā: Sattāhakaraṇīya

Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, sattāhakaraṇīyena gantuṃ

allowed to leave for a matter which can be accomplished within seven days
sattāhakaraṇiya: sattāhabbhantare yaṃ kattabbaṃ taṃ sattāhakaraṇīyaṃ: a task to be completed within 7 days
- tena sattāhakaraṇīyena karaṇabhūtena gantuṃ anujānāmīti attho
- sattāha: the final portion of the seven-day period (as limit)

Conditions for Sattāhakaraṇīyagamana

Sakaraṇīya / Sattāhakaraṇīyanimitta: a legitimate reason
- note: this factor determines the ratticchedadukkaṭa
  - if akaraṇīya: dkṭ at dawn break
Tehi dūte pahite / Nimantana: an invitation or message has been sent by any of the 7 persons
- not needed in uninvited leave
Ābhoga (recollection): antosattāhe āgacchissāmī – I shall return within 7 days
- srtdpn: antoupacārasīmāyaṃ ṭhiteneva … ābhogaṃ katvā gantabbaṃ – should be done within the vihārūpacārasīmā before leaving (srtdpn)
- vmv: purimakkhaṇe ābhogaṃ katvā gamanakkhaṇe vissaritvā gatepi doso natthi ‘sakaraṇīyo pakkamatī’ti vuttattā’ – doing ābhoga but then forgetting about it when leaving: ok
- note: this factor determines the vassaccheda
  - ābhogagamana: no vassaccheda
  - anabhogagamana: vassaccheda

Sannivatta: sattāheyeva sannivattitabbo, aṭṭhamo aruṇo tattheva na uṭṭhāpetabbo – one should return on the 7th day at most, before the 8th dawn breaks (counting the dawn of the day of departure)

Mo	Tu	We	Th	Fr	Sa	Su	Mo
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
go						return	(exceeding)

Anuññā: Invited Leave

Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, sattannaṃ sattāhakaraṇīyena pahite gantuṃ, na tveva appahite. Bhikkhussa, bhikkhuniyā, sikkhamānāya, sāmaṇerassa, sāmaṇeriyā, upāsakassa, upāsikāya – Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, imesaṃ sattannaṃ sattāhakaraṇīyena pahite gantuṃ, na tveva appahite. Sattāhaṃ sannivatto kātabbo.:

allowed to leave for a matter which can be accomplished within seven days when invited by any of 7:
- 5 sahadhammikas
- upāsakas and upāsikas
- note: also relatives when sick and anupāsikas for Dhamma growth
if not invited: disallowed
leaving uninvited: dkṭ
one should return within seven days

Allowed Reasons for Invited Leave
1. Related to Sahadhammikas (donor, occasion, recipient, invitation)
  - Donor: one of the 7 (sahadhammikas, upāsakas, upāsikas)
  - Occasion: construction
    - vihāra (monastery)
    - monastic residences
      - aḍḍhayogo: a building with a curved or half-vaulted roof; a gabled hall
      - pāsādo: a mansion or multi-storied building; building with pillars
      - hammiyaṃ: an upper chamber, elevated pavilion, or penthouse apartment
      - guhaṁ: a cave
      - pariveṇaṃ: monastery complex
    - other monastic facilities
      - koṭṭhako: a gateway chamber, storeroom, or concealed place
      - upaṭṭhānasālā: an assembly hall, reception hall, or dining hall
      - aggisālā: a fire hall; a room for heating or cooking
      - kappiyakuṭi: a utility hut where allowable requisites and food are prepared and stored
      - vaccakuṭi*: a latrine or toilet
      - caṅkamo: a walking path for meditation
      - caṅkamanasālā: a covered walking-meditation hall
      - udapāno: a well
      - udapānasālā: a shelter or hall built around a well
      - jantāgharaṃ*: a hot bath house or steam bath
      - jantāgharasālā*: the hall containing the steam bath
      - pokkharaṇī: a pond
      - maṇḍapo: a pavilion or hall
      - ārāmo: a park, monastic grove, or monastery
      - ārāmavatthu: the land or site designated for a park or monastery
      - note: *ito paṭṭhāya vaccakuṭi jantāgharaṃ jantāgharasālāti imāni tīṇi parihīnāni
        
        srtdpn: tīṇi parihīnānīti bhikkhunīnaṃ vaccakuṭiādīnaṃ paṭikkhittattā pahīnāni
        
        these 3 are not included for bhikkhunis since they are not allowed
  - Recipient: for the sake of (uddissa) any sahadhammika, from Saṅgha to a single sāmaṇeri
    - saṅghaṃ uddissa, sambahule bhikkhū uddissa, ekaṃ bhikkhuṃ uddissa,
    - bhikkhunīsaṅghaṃ uddissa, sambahulā bhikkhuniyo uddissa, ekaṃ bhikkhuniṃ uddissa
    - sambahulā sikkhamānāyo uddissa, ekaṃ sikkhamānaṃ uddissa
    - sambahule sāmaṇere uddissa, ekaṃ sāmaṇeraṃ uddissa
    - sambahulā sāmaṇeriyo uddissa, ekaṃ sāmaṇeriṃ uddissa
  - Invitation: for the purpose of
    - meeting the monks
    - offering alms
    - listening to the Dhamma
    - obtaining instruction and guidance from the monks
2. Related to Personal / Upāsaka (donor, occasion, recipient, invitation)
  - Donor: upāsaka or upāsikā
  - Occasions:
    - builds one of the following
      - nivesanaṃ: a house or dwelling
      - sayanigharaṃ: a sleeping house or bedroom
      - udosito: a storehouse or storage building
      - aṭṭo: a watchtower or guardhouse
      - māḷo (mālo): a circular hall or a building with a single central roof structure
      - āpaṇo: a shop, market stall, or trading booth
      - āpaṇasālā: a market hall or shop building
      - pāsādo: a multi-storied building, mansion, or palace
      - hammiyaṃ
      - guhā
      - pariveṇaṃ
      - koṭṭhako
      - upaṭṭhānasālā
      - aggisālā
      - rasavatī (bhattagehaṃ): a kitchen
      - caṅkamo
      - caṅkamanasālā
      - udapāno
      - udapānasālā
      - pokkharaṇī
      - maṇḍapo
      - ārāmo
      - ārāmavatthu
      - recipient: for their own use (attano atthāya nivesanaṃ)
    - urgent situations
      - puttassa / dhītuyā vāreyyaṃ: the marriage of a lay supporter’s son / daughter
        
        srtd: vāreyyanti āvāhavivāhamaṅgalaṃ
        
        āvāha: bringing home a wife
        
        vivaha: sending the daughter to the husband’s home
      - gilāno hoti: lay supporter becomes ill
      - when invited to learn, preserve, or record a sutta before it is lost
    - any other important matter
      - v-a: yaṃkiñci karaṇīyaṃ saṅgahitaṃ hoti… “icchāmi dānañca dātuṃ dhammañca sotuṃ bhikkhū ca passitu”nti imināva kappiyavacanena pesite gantabbaṃ
    - note: merely going to see a supporter’s family (upaṭṭhāka-kula) or a relative’s family (ñāti-kula): not allowed
      - V-a: upaṭṭhākakulaṃ vā ñātikulaṃ vā dassanāya gantuṃ na labhati
  - Invitation: for the purpose of
    - seeing monks
    - offering alms
    - listening to the Dhamma
3. Related to Ñāti and Anupāsaka
  - Sick relatives
    - bhikkhussa bhātā… bhaginī…ñātako…bhikkhugatiko gilāno hoti
      - bhikkhugatika / bhikkhunissitaka: one who dwells in the same monastery with the monks
    - note: merely going to see a supporter’s family (upaṭṭhāka-kula) or a relative’s family (ñāti-kula): not alowed
      - V-a: upaṭṭhākakulaṃ vā ñātikulaṃ vā dassanāya gantuṃ na labhati
  - Dhamma-inclined anupāsaka (vmv): when one can see in them
    - a willingness to learn the Dhamma
    - prospect of fostering and strengthening their faith
      - vmv: sāsanabhāvaṃ ñātukāmehi pahite tesaṃ pasādavaḍḍhiṃ sampassantehipi
    - anupāsaka: ones who has not
      - undertaken the Tisaraṇa
      - formally entered the Buddhasāsana

3 Anuññā: Uninvited Leave

Related to sahadhammikas
- Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, pañcannaṃ sattāhakaraṇīyena appahitepi gantuṃ, pageva pahite. Bhikkhussa, bhikkhuniyā, sikkhamānāya, sāmaṇerassa, sāmaṇeriyā – Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, imesaṃ pañcannaṃ sattāhakaraṇīyena appahitepi gantuṃ, pageva pahite. Sattāhaṃ sannivatto kātabbo
  - allowed to leave for a matter which can be accomplished within seven days related to sahadhammikas even when not invited
  - one must return within seven days
Related to parents
- Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, sattannaṃ sattāhakaraṇīyena appahitepi gantuṃ, pageva pahite. Bhikkhussa… mātuyā ca pitussa ca – anujānāmi…
  - -a: parato mātāpitūnaṃ anuññātaṭṭhānepi eseva nayo
Related to saṅghakaraṇiya
- background:
  - Sangha’s vihāra was falling apart (undriyati palujjati)
  - upāsaka invited monks to come and get his timber in the wilderness for the repair
- Anujānāmi, bhikkhave, saṅghakaraṇīyena gantuṃ. Sattāhaṃ sannivatto kātabbo: allowed to leave for saṅghakaraṇiya

Allowed Reasons for Uninvited Leave
1. Related to Sahadhammikas
  - 10 for bhikkhus
    - gilāno hoti
      - thinking: gilānabhattaṃ vā pariyesissāmi, gilānupaṭṭhākabhattaṃ vā pariyesissāmi, gilānabhesajjaṃ vā pariyesissāmi, pucchissāmi vā, upaṭṭhahissāmi vā
    - anabhirati uppannā hoti (is discontent with the noble life)
      - thinking: anabhirataṃ vūpakāsessāmi vā, vūpakāsāpessāmi vā, dhammakathaṃ vāssa karissāmi
    - kukkuccaṃ uppannaṃ hoti (has remorse scrupulous anxiety or worry about one’s conduct)
      - thinking: kukkuccaṃ vinodessāmi vā, vinodāpessāmi vā, dhammakathaṃ vāssa karissāmi
    - diṭṭhigataṃ uppannaṃ hoti (has got a wrong view)
      - thinking: diṭṭhigataṃ vivecessāmi vā, vivecāpessāmi vā, dhammakathaṃ vāssa karissāmi
    - garudhammaṃ ajjhāpanno hoti parivāsāraho (has committed a heavy offence and is liable to undergo probation)
      - parivāsadānaṃ ussukkaṃ karissāmi vā, anussāvessāmi vā, gaṇapūrako vā bhavissāmi
    - mūlāya paṭikassanāraho hoti (is liable to be sent back to the beginning)
      - mūlāya paṭikassanaṃ ussukkaṃ karissāmi vā, anussāvessāmi vā, gaṇapūrako vā bhavissāmi
    - mānattāraho (is liable to undergo the penance)
      - mānattadānaṃ ussukkaṃ karissāmi vā, anussāvessāmi vā, gaṇapūrako vā bhavissāmi
    - abbhānāraho (is eligible for reinstatement)
      - abbhānaṃ ussukkaṃ karissāmi vā, anussāvessāmi vā, gaṇapūrako vā bhavissāmi
    - bhikkhussa saṅgho kammaṃ kattukāmo hoti tajjanīyaṃ vā, niyassaṃ vā, pabbājanīyaṃ vā, paṭisāraṇīyaṃ vā, ukkhepanīyaṃ vā (is entitled to carry out a disiplinary act by the Saṅgha)
      - tajjanīya-kamma (act of censure/condemnation): imposed on a quarrelsome monk, who is admonished by being shown the dangers and harmful consequences of quarrelling and schism in the Saṅgha (Saṅghabheda), thereby encouraging him to develop patience and promoting reconciliation and harmony
      - niyassa-kamma (act of placing under dependence/demotion): a disciplinary act by which a monk who is incompetent, frequently commits offences, is unable to distinguish offences properly, associates improperly with lay people is placed under the supervision of another competent monk and required to live in dependence upon him as his teacher (nissay-ācariya)
      - pabbājanīya-kamma (act of banishment): a disciplinary act by which a monk who engages in improper conduct and corrupts or brings disrepute upon families (kuladūsana) is expelled from a particular locality (from the monastery, village, etc.)
      - paṭisāraṇīya-kamma (act of reconciliation): imposed on a monk who has insulted faithful and devoted lay supporters, donors, or stewards of the Saṅgha, requiring him to seek their forgiveness and restore harmonious relations
      - ukkhepanīya-kamma (act of suspension): disciplinary act to suspend one from dhammasambhoga and āmisasambhoga with the Saṅgha
        
        who refuses to acknowledge an offence
        
        who refuses to make amends for an offence
        
        who persists in holding a wrong view
      - thinking: kinti nu kho saṅgho kammaṃ na kareyya, lahukāya vā pariṇāmeyya
    - kataṃ vā panassa hoti saṅghena kammaṃ tajjanīyaṃ vā niyassaṃ vā pabbājanīyaṃ vā paṭisāraṇīyaṃ vā ukkhepanīyaṃ vā (is already underwent a formal act/disiplinary procedure by the Saṅgha (Saṅgha has already carried out against him))
      - thinking: kinti nu kho sammā vatteyya, lomaṃ pāteyya, netthāraṃ vatteyya, saṅgho taṃ kammaṃ paṭippassambheyya
  - 9 for bhikkhunī
    - garudhammaṃ ajjhāpannā hoti mānattārahā
    - (no mānattārahā)
  - 6 for sikkhamānā
    - the 1st 4
    - sikkhā kupitā hoti (is facing a difficulty as her training has been disrupted or has fallen down)
      - sikkhāsamādānaṃ ussukkaṃ karissāmi
    - upasampajjitukāmā hoti (wishes to receive higher ordination)
      - upasampadaṃ ussukkaṃ karissāmi vā, anussāvessāmi vā, gaṇapūrako vā bhavissāmīti
  - 6 for sāmaṇera
    - the 1st 4
    - vassaṃ pucchitukāmo hoti (wishes to inquire about the years/rains retreats)
      - pucchissāmi vā, ācikkhissāmi vāti
    - upasampajjitukāmo hoti (wishes to receive higher ordination)
  - 6 for sāmaṇerī
    - the 1st 4
    - vassaṃ pucchitukāmā hoti (wishes to inquire about the years/rains retreats)
      - pucchissāmi vā, ācikkhissāmi vāti
    - sikkhaṁ samādiyitukāmā hoti (wishes to receive higher ordination)
2. Related to Parents
3. Related to Saṅghakaraṇīya
  
  Saṅghakaraṇīya: Saṅgha-related communal and practical needs, physical and administrative: construction, renovation, repair, maintenance, etc of
  - an Uposatha Hall
  - residential lodgings and other monastic buildings (senāsana)
    - matters related to a monastery (senāsana/vihara) considering as matters related to the Saṅgha
      - vassūpanāyikavinicchayakathā: senāsanapaṭibaddhasaṅghakaraṇīyenapi gantuṃ vaṭṭati
  - pagoda’s parasols (cetiya-chatta) and pagoda’s terraces or platforms (cetiya-vedikā)
  - even the private dwelling (puggalika-senāsana) of a single monk
    - V-a: antamaso bhikkhuno puggalikasenāsanampi, sabbaṃ saṅghakaraṇīyameva

Vassaccheda & Ratticcheda

Vassaccheda: breaking of the rains residence
- moment it occurs: at dawn break
- consequence: anāpatti / dkṭ
Ratticcheda: breaking of a night; breaking dawn outside the rains residence
- consequence:
  - anāpatti: sakaraṇīya, etc.
  - dkṭ: akaraṇīya, 8th dawn

Leaving for Dhammassavana

Animantito with ābhoga: vassaccheda and ratticcheda dkṭ
- srtd: dhammasavanatthāya animantitena gantuṃ na vaṭṭati
- ettha animantitattā sattāhakiccaṃ… yathāvuttañhi ratticchedakāraṇaṃ vinā tirovihāre vasitvā āgacchissāmīti gacchatopi vassacchedaṃ vadanti
- note: coming back before dawn: allowed
Nimantito with ābhoga: allowed
- includes with prior arrangement (katika) within a main monastery (mahāvāsa) to assemble on such day
  - v-a: sace ekasmiṃ mahāvāse paṭhamaṃyeva katikā katā hoti … nimantitoyeva nāma hoti, gantuṃ vaṭṭati

animantito	ratticcheda	vassaccheda dkṭ
	no ratticcheda	ok
nimantito	ratticcheda	ok
	no ratticcheda	ok

Opinions (Vadanti)

Anābhogagamana

Vassaccheda at departure but some say at dawn
- srtdpn: some: crossing beyond the monastic boundary (vihārūpacāra-sīmā) without first making that ābhoga: vassaccheda
  - sace ābhogaṃ akatvā upacārasīmaṃ atikkamati, chinnavassova hotīti vadanti
- vmv: some: leaving without ābhoga in any case: vassaccheda
  - sabbathā pana ābhogaṃ akatvā gatassa vassacchedoti vadanti
- some: at the break of dawn elsewhere: ratticcheda vassaccheda
Akaraṇīyagamana

vmv: some: leaving without valid cause (sattāhakaraṇīyanimittābhāvepi) with ābhoga and sannivatta: ratticcheda dkṭ
- no vassaccheda because the continuity of the retreat is not broken (ābhoga is present)
- vmv-ṭ: should be investigated and decided
Bhaṇḍadhovanagamana

v-a: leaving to wash one’s belongings, etc.
- normally: not allowed
- if sent by teacher/upajjhāya: allowed
Ajjeva āgamissatīti Gamana

v-a: leaving to a nearby monastery intending to return on the same day: allowed
- if unable to return: allowed
- some: if dawn breaks while on the way back: ratticcheda, no dkṭ, no vassaccheda
  - srtdpn: sace aruṇuggamanaṃ hoti, vassacchedopi na hoti, ratticchedadukkaṭañca natthīti vadanti
  - vmtvndn: because of the effort to return on that very day – tadaheva āgamane saussāhattā
Uddesaparipuccha / Ācariyadassana Gamana

v-a: leaving for:
- academic purposes (studying / teaching Pāḷi, aṭṭhakathā; asking questions, etc): not allowed
  - uddesaparipucchādīnaṃ atthāyapi gantuṃ na vaṭṭati
- seeing the teacher: allowed
  - ācariyaṃ passissāmīti pana gantuṃ labhati
  - agilānampi: even if the ācariya is not sick
    - srtdpn: agilānampi ācariyaṃ upajjhāyaṃ vā passissāmī’ti sattāhakaraṇīyena gantuṃ labhati
  - if the teacher asks one not to return to the vassāvāsa: allowed
    - if the 7-day period is exceeded: vassaccheda but anāpatti
      - srtd: sattāhātikkamepi anāpattīti adhippāyo, vassacchedo pana hotiyevāti daṭṭhabbaṃ sattāhassa bahiddhā vītināmitattā
      - vmv: sattāhātikkame āpattiabhāvaṃ sandhāya vuttaṃ, vassacchedo pana hoti eva
  - ācariya here: nissayācariya, dhammācariya, upasampadācariya, and upajjhāya even when they are not sick
    - vmtvndn: ācariyanti agilānampi nissayācariyañca dhammācariyañca, pageva upasampadācariyaupajjhāyesu

Redeparture

Upon returning from sattāhakaraṇīya:

breaking dawn in the residence: 7-day period restarts and one can leave with sattāhakaraṇīya again
- V-a: sattāhavārena aruṇo uṭṭhāpetabbo
- vnlkr: ettha cha divasāni bahiddhā vītināmetvā sattame divase purāruṇā eva antoupacārasīmāyaṃ pavisitvā aruṇaṃ uṭṭhāpetvā punadivase sattāhaṃ adhiṭṭhāya gantabbanti adhippāyo
redeparting without breaking dawn in the residence: 7-day period does not restart

	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8
vnlkr		1	2	3	4	5	6	7
	go		return, depart					vassaccheda
	go		return	depart

Rejected Opinion: Redeparture before Dawn

Rejected: returning within the 7 days and redeparting before dawn has broken is allowable (restarts 7-day period)
- refutation:
  - v: sattāhaṃ sannivatto kātabbo (one should return within seven days): dawn of the 7th day should break within the upacāra sīmā
  - v-a: sattāhavārena aruṇo uṭṭhāpetabbo (at the completion of every seven-day period, the dawn must be caused to arise (within the boundary))
  - cīvarakkhandhaka-a: ekasmiṃ vihāre vasanto itarasmiṃ sattāhavārena aruṇameva uṭṭhāpeti (monk residing in one monastery causes the dawn to arise in the other monastery once every seven days)
  - v-a: sace ekasmiṃ vihāre vasanto itarasmiṃ sattāhavārena aruṇameva uṭṭhāpeti, evaṃ purimasmiṃ bahutaraṃ vasati nāma
  - vnlkr: aruṇaṃ anuṭṭhāpetvā gacchanto ca anto appavisitvā bahiddhāva sattāhaṃ vītināmento ca samucchinnavasso eva bhavissati aruṇassa bahi eva uṭṭhāpitattā
- opposition: entering the monastery at any time by the 7th day is causing that day’s dawn to arise there
  - refutation: no, doing so is not considered to have caused that dawn to arise there; aruṇaṁ uṭṭāpetvā always refers to being present at the moment of the succeeding dawn
    - vmv: na hi uṭṭhite aruṇe pacchā paviṭṭho tassa payojako uṭṭhāpako bhavitumarahati
    - aruṇaṃ anuṭṭhāpetvā (without causing the dawn to arise)
    - vsm: āraññika dhutaṅga: departing the forest before dawn does not fulfill the dhutaṅga
      - kālasseva pana nikkhamitvā aṅgayutte ṭhāne aruṇaṃ uṭṭhāpetabbaṃ. Sace aruṇuṭṭhānavelāyaṃ tesaṃ ābādho vaḍḍhati, tesaṃ eva kiccaṃ kātabbaṃ, na dhutaṅgavisuddhikena bhavitabbaṃ
    - v-a: parivāsavatta: nikkhepa can only be done after dawn; otherwise, the night is broken
      - v-a: antoaruṇeyeva vuttanayena vattaṃ samādiyitvā ārocetabbaṃ … aruṇe uṭṭhite tassa bhikkhussa santike vattaṃ nikkhipitabbaṃ
    - sahaseyyāsikkhāpada: tatiyāya rattiyā purāruṇā nikkhamitvā (one should depart before dawn on the third night)
    - cīvaravippavāsa: also shows “causing dawn to arise” as the coming dawn, not the one that has passed
    - departing on sattāhakaraṇīya on the rains-residence entrance day without waiting for dawn to break: allowed but doesn’t apply in the case of redeparture
      - v-a: vassaṃ upagantvā pana aruṇaṃ anuṭṭhāpetvā tadaheva sattāhakaraṇīyena pakkamantassāpi antosattāhe nivattantassa anāpatti
    - departing on sattāhakaraṇīya during the pacchimasattāha (last 7 days of the vassāvāsa): no vassaccheda even if he doesn’t return
      - sattāhaṃ anāgatāya pavāraṇāya sakaraṇīyo pakkamati. Āgaccheyya vā so, bhikkhave, bhikkhu taṃ āvāsaṃ na vā āgaccheyya, tassa, bhikkhave, bhikkhuno purimikā ca paññāyati, paṭissave ca anāpatti

Summary: Individual & Occasion

Sattāhakaraṇiya	Individual and Occasion
Invited leave	- Sahadhammika/upāsa/ika: construction for sahadhammika
	- Upāsa/ika: construction for themselves,
	urgent matter, others
	- Ñāti/bhikkhugatika: sickness
	- Anupāsaka: Dhamma-growth
	- Dhammassavanatthāya
Uninvited leave	- Sahadhammika: gilāno, anabhirati, kukkuccaṁ,
	diṭṭhigataṁ, garudhammaṁ, mūlāya, mānatta, abbhāna,
	kamma (to do or done)
	- Ācariyadassanatthāya
	- Parents: tbc
	- Saṅghakaraṇīya: physical & administrative

Vassūpanāyika Khandhaka – all parts: